![]() ![]() ![]() Single rail power supplies with DC-DC converters also tend to be lighter, and have less points of failure. I haven't learned all there is to learn about power supply topology, but that should be a fair summary. The components aren't the best, but the vast majority of PC's sold today are office machines with iGPU's and they are perfectly happy with these power supplies, so they continue to be manufactured. They're a very old design, like decades old, and that's why they're so low priced. If you have a GPU in your system, or have a high core count processor (more than 4 cores and/or 8 threads), group regulated power supplies should be avoided. The efficiency curve for these power supplies is almost a flat line. They're also quicker to respond to power demands. So whichever line has a high load, it's independently regulated without affecting the other voltages/lines. The 12v has it's own regulation and all of the lower voltages (5v, 3.3v) have their own regulation with their DC-DC converters. That single 12v line is then converted to 5v with (also) high efficiency DC-DC converters. In PSU's, the LLC denotes two inductors (L & L of LLC) and a capacitor (C) used in the power supply design to produce the primary voltage line, 12v, at super high efficiency. Not to be confused with LLC, load line calibration, which is a bios setting for CPU power under load. The CX series by Corsair and the MWE v2 series are LLC Resonant. Group-regulated power supplies like the CV line should be reserved for builds with ultra low power GPU's (no additional PCIe power) or no GPU's at all. Also, the efficiency curve of these power supplies are a bell curve, they have a narrow sweet spot for the best efficiency. ![]() It can cause instability, lockups, crashes and sometimes even component failure. And the voltage correction by the power supply is applied to both the 12v line and 5v line, raising the 5v line over the ATX spec. So if you have a high load on the 12v line, like a GPU, then the 12v line drops a little. What this means is that both the 5v output and 12v output are regulated together. But both of these power supplies are group regulated. I remember someone from Corsair (probably jonnyguru) saying that they changed a single component in the VS series (80 plus white) to make it 80 plus bronze (CV series). ![]()
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